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Green Fabrication of Sulfonium-Containing Bismuth Materials for High-Sensitivity X-Ray Detection
Department Solution-Processing of Hybrid Materials and Devices, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
Department of Materials Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
Freigeist Juniorgroup, Radiation Tolerant Electronics with Soft Semiconductors (ROSI), University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics Group, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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2025 (English)In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 37, no 24, article id 2418626Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on lead and bismuth have recently been proposed as novel X- and gamma-ray detectors for medical imaging, non-destructive testing, and security, due to their high atomic numbers and facile preparation compared to traditional materials like amorphous selenium and Cd(Zn)Te. However, challenges related to device operation, excessively high dark currents, and long-term stability have delayed commercialization. Here, two novel semiconductors incorporating stable sulfonium cations are presented, [(CH3CH2)3S]6Bi8I30 and [(CH3CH2)3S]AgBiI5, synthesized via solvent-free ball milling and fabricated into dense polycrystalline pellets using cold isostatic compression, two techniques that can easily be upscaled, for X-ray detection application. The fabricated detectors exhibit exceptional sensitivities (14 100-15 190 mu C Gyair-1 cm-2) and low detection limits (90 nGyair s-1 for [(CH3CH2)3S]6Bi8I30 and 78 nGyair s-1 for [(CH3CH2)3S]AgBiI5), far surpassing current commercial detectors. Notably, they maintain performance after 9 months of ambient storage. The findings highlight [(CH3CH2)3S]6Bi8I30 and [(CH3CH2)3S]AgBiI5 as scalable, cost-effective and highly stable alternatives to traditional semiconductor materials, offering great potential as X-ray detectors in medical and security applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025. Vol. 37, no 24, article id 2418626
Keywords [en]
compressed pellets, heterometallic iodobismuthate, long-term stability, mechanosynthesis, new materials, sulfonium iodobismuthate, X-ray detectors
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363556DOI: 10.1002/adma.202418626ISI: 001462697300001PubMedID: 40207598Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105002328812OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-363556DiVA, id: diva2:1959075
Note

QC 20260126

Available from: 2025-05-19 Created: 2025-05-19 Last updated: 2026-01-26Bibliographically approved

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Kloo, LarsSvensson, Per H.

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