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Assessment of large-scale heterogeneity due to toughness variations in a multipass weld: brittle failure mechanisms and modeling
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Material and Structural Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7274-5415
Uddeholms AB, Uvedsvägen, SE-683 85, Hagfors, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8408-8489
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Material and Structural Mechanics. Ringhals AB, SE-430 22, Väröbacka, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1498-5691
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Material and Structural Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2470-7679
2025 (English)In: International Journal of Fracture, ISSN 0376-9429, E-ISSN 1573-2673, Vol. 249, no 2, article id 35Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The fracture surfaces of 49 SE(B) toughness tests performed on five different geometries, were carefully investigated by SEM imaging and cross-section analysis. The specimens were extracted from a large multi-pass weld in T-S orientation. The failure characteristics were associated with three distinctly different zones of the weld. Transgranular fracture occurred primarily in the reheated zone and in the as-welded zone with a dendritic microstructure inclined relative to the crack plane. With a dendritic microstructure aligned with the crack plane intergranular fracture occurred. The toughness of the as-welded zone with a low inclination angle, was significantly lower than that obtained in the other two weld zones. Due to the relatively large size of the zones compared to the fracture process zones of the tests, it is appropriate to characterize the failure behavior as large-scale heterogeneity. Weakest-link modeling may be applied locally in each weld zone, giving rise to three different sets of model parameters. A new calibration technique is introduced and used to fit a local weakest-link model to the toughness distribution curves of the individual zones.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2025. Vol. 249, no 2, article id 35
Keywords [en]
Brittle fracture, Intergranular, Large-scale heterogeneity, Weakest link modeling, Weld
National Category
Applied Mechanics Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363800DOI: 10.1007/s10704-025-00852-4ISI: 001487932300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105004640369OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-363800DiVA, id: diva2:1959896
Note

QC 20250526

Available from: 2025-05-21 Created: 2025-05-21 Last updated: 2025-06-03Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Brittle Fracture in Heterogeneous Materials — Theory, Experiments, and Numerical Modelling
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Brittle Fracture in Heterogeneous Materials — Theory, Experiments, and Numerical Modelling
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Brittle fracture in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime raises complex issues for structural integrity assessments, particularly when fracture toughness is influenced by heterogeneity. This thesis investigates brittle failure through theoretical, numerical, experimental, and probabilistic approaches, focusing on understanding and modelling fracture behaviour in multipass welds. A probabilistic framework is developed to evaluate how spatial heterogeneity affects failure probability curves obtained from fracture toughness testing. The distinction between small-scale and large-scale heterogeneity is formalised based on the relative size of the heterogeneity compared to the fracture process zone. Numerical simulations show how heterogeneity shapes failure probability curves, and scaling methods are introduced to relate results from miniature specimens to full-scale conditions. Experimental work includes fracture toughness testing and fractography of agedand unaged weld metals. Thermal ageing introduces heterogeneity in toughness through zone-specific embrittlement caused by phosphorus segregation. The role of grain orientation in brittle failure is investigated, and limitations of standard testing methods under heterogeneous conditions are addressed. The developed methods form a foundation for fracture assessment instructurally heterogeneous materials and support more reliable interpretation of fracture toughness data in safety-critical applications.

Abstract [sv]

Sprödbrott i transitionsområdet komplicerar bedömningen av strukturell integritet, särskilt när brottsegheten påverkas av materialets heterogenitet. Denna avhandling undersöker spröda brott med teoretiska, numeriska, experimentella och probabilistiska angreppssätt, med fokus på att förstå och modellera brottbeteende i flerpassagesvetsar. Ett probabilistiskt ramverk har tagits fram för att utvärdera hur rumslig heterogenitet påverkar brottsannolikhetskurvor erhållna från brottseghetsprovning. En uppdelning i småskale- och storskaleheterogenitet definieras från den relativa storleken på heterogeniteten jämfört med brottprocesszonen. Numeriska simuleringar visar hur heterogenitet påverkar brottsannolikhetskurvor, och skalningsmetoder tas fram för att relatera resultat från miniatyrprovstavar till fullskaliga förhållanden. Det experimentella arbetet inkluderar brottseghetsprovning och fraktografi avåldrade och oåldrade svetsmetaller. Termisk åldring har visat sig introduceraheterogenitet hos segheten genom zonspecifik försprödning orsakad avfosforsegregering. Kornorienteringens roll vid sprödbrott undersöks och begränsningar av standardtestmetoder under heterogena förhållanden tas upp. De framtagna metoderna bildar en grund för bedömning av brott i strukturellt heterogena material och leder därmed till en mer tillförlitlig tolkning av brottseghetsdata i säkerhetskritiska tillämpningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 141
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:25
Keywords
Brittle Failure, Intergranular, Transgranular, Heterogeneity, Welds, Sprödbrott, Intergranulär, Transgranulär, Heterogenitet, Svetsar
National Category
Solid and Structural Mechanics
Research subject
Solid Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363896 (URN)978-91-8106-277-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-06-13, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority
Note

QC 250523

Available from: 2025-05-23 Created: 2025-05-23 Last updated: 2025-09-08Bibliographically approved

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Klein, Daniela V.Boåsen, MagnusEfsing, PålFaleskog, Jonas

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