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Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Mitral Valve Structures in a Left Ventricle Model
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1795-7277
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4256-0463
2025 (English)In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, ISSN 0029-5981, E-ISSN 1097-0207, Vol. 126, no 8, article id e70031Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Simulations of blood flow in patient-specific models of heart ventricles is a rapidly developing field of research, showing promise to improve future treatment of heart diseases. Fluid-structure interaction simulation of the mitral valve, with its complex structure including leaflets, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles, provides additional prospects as well as challenges to such models. In this study, we combine a patient-specific model of the left ventricle with an idealized unified continuum fluid-structure interaction model of the mitral valve, to simulate the intraventricular diastolic blood flow. To the best of our knowledge, no monolithic fluid-structure interaction model, without the need for remeshing, has ever been used before to simulate the native mitral valve within the left ventricle. The chordae tendineae are simulated as a region of porous medium, to partially hinder the flow. Simulation results from this model are compared to those of a model with the same patient-specific left ventricle, but with the mitral valve simply modeled as a time-variant inflow boundary condition. The blood flow is analyzed with the E-wave propagation index, and by use of the triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor, which decomposes the flow into rigid body rotational flow, shearing flow, and irrotational straining flow. The triple decomposition enables analysis of the formation of initially large dominant flow features, such as the E-wave jet and the vortex ring around it, and their subsequent decay into smaller turbulent flow structures. This analysis of the development of flow structures over the duration of diastole appears to be in general agreement with the theory of the stability of rotation, shear, and strain structures. Elevated shear levels are investigated, but are found only in limited amounts that do not indicate significant risks of thrombus formation or other blood damage, which is to be expected in this healthy ventricle. The highest shear levels are localized at the leaflets in the fluid-structure interaction model, and at the ventricle wall in the planar model. The computed E-wave propagation indices are 1.21 for the fluid-structure interaction model and 1.90 for the planar valve model, which indicates proper washout in the apical region with no significant risk of blood stasis that could lead to left ventricular thrombus formation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025. Vol. 126, no 8, article id e70031
Keywords [en]
computational fluid dynamics, digital twins, E-wave propagation index, fluid-structure interaction, hemodynamics, mitral valve, triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-364004DOI: 10.1002/nme.70031ISI: 001478482100008Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105005157884OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-364004DiVA, id: diva2:1962840
Note

QC 20250609

Available from: 2025-06-02 Created: 2025-06-02 Last updated: 2025-12-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Turbulence Generation and Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Elucidated Through Flow Decomposition
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Turbulence Generation and Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Elucidated Through Flow Decomposition
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In recent years, the triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor has emerged as a novel vortex identification method in fluid flows. Although early algorithms for computing it were limited by an incomplete physical interpretation of the underlying mathematics, the decomposition has the potential to contribute to more than just vortex identification, such as shear estimation in blood flow and analysis of turbulence generation.

An attractive feature of the triple decomposition is its ability to give a rotation measure uncontaminated by shear, something that many established methods fail to do. However, several different algorithms have been proposed for computing it, and not all of them yield the same results. Here, advances are presented not only in explaining this non-uniqueness and motivating a unified and simplified approach for computing the triple decomposition, but in widening the scope of its applications as well.

In blood flow, shear is an important parameter that, if sustained at a high level, may contribute to platelet activation and subsequent thrombosis events such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Simulations are presented here of the intraventricular blood flow in the left ventricle of a human heart, both using a simplified model of the mitral valve to simulate transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, and introducing a novel arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-structure interaction model of the mitral valve. The triple decomposition is demonstrated to outperform the established von Mises-like scalar shear stress, which is shown to be contaminated by strain.

A mathematical stability analysis of the shear, strain and rotation components from the triple decomposition is also used to motivate a novel process in turbulence generation. In a simulation of two adjacent vortices interacting to develop turbulent flow, a zig-zag pattern is identified as a mechanism that rearranges small-scale secondary vortices to transfer energy to larger scales, contributing to the formation of a turbulent energy spectrum.

The results presented in this thesis contribute not only to better understanding and more straightforward computation of the triple decomposition, but also demonstrate its usefulness in improving analysis of potentially adverse shear in blood flow, as well as of fundamental aspects of turbulence generation.

Abstract [sv]

Under de senaste åren har triple decomposition av hastighetsgradienten framträtt som en ny metod för virvelidentifiering i flöden. Även om tidiga algoritmer för att beräkna den begränsades av en ofullständig fysisk tolkning av den underliggande matematiken, har dekompositionen potential att bidra till mer än enbart virvelidentifiering, exempelvis till uppskattning av skjuvning i blodflöde och analys av turbulensgenerering.

En attraktiv egenskap hos triple decomposition är dess förmåga att ge ett rotationsmått som inte är kontaminerat av skjuvning, något som många etablerade metoder misslyckas med att uppnå. Flera olika algoritmer har dock föreslagits för att beräkna den, och alla ger inte samma resultat. Här presenteras framsteg inte bara gällande förklaring av denna brist på entydighet, och därigenom motivering av ett enhetligt och förenklat tillvägagångssätt för att beräkna triple decomposition, utan också gällande utvidgning av dess tillämpningsområden.

I blodflöde är skjuvning en viktig parameter som, om den upprätthålls på en hög nivå, kan bidra till aktivering av blodplättar och påföljande tromboembolism såsom stroke eller hjärtinfarkt. Här presenteras simuleringar av det intraventrikulära blodflödet i den vänstra kammaren i ett mänskligt hjärta, både med användning av en förenklad modell av mitralisklaffen för att simulera kateterburen edge-to-edge-reparation, och med introduktion av en ny arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-struktur-interaktionsmodell av mitralisklaffen. Triple decomposition demonstreras överträffa det etablerade måttet von Mises-like scalar shear stress, som visas vara kontaminerat av töjning.

En matematisk stabilitetsanalys av skjuvnings-, töjnings- och rotationskomponenterna från triple decomposition används också för att motivera en ny process inom turbulensgenerering. I en simulering av två intilliggande virvlar som interagerar för att utveckla turbulent flöde identifieras ett sicksackmönster som en mekanism som omorganiserar småskaliga sekundära virvlar och därmed överför energi till större skalor, vilket bidrar till att ett turbulent energispektrum bildas.

Resultaten som presenteras i denna avhandling bidrar inte bara till en bättre förståelse och mer direkt beräkning av triple decomposition, utan demonstrerar också dess användbarhet för förbättrad analys av potentiellt skadlig skjuvning i blodflöde, samt av fundamentala aspekter av turbulensgenerering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 57
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:7
Keywords
Computational Fluid Dynamics, Triple Decomposition, Turbulence, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Hemodynamics
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374287 (URN)978-91-8106-499-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-01-30, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68657960472, D2, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 11:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-04854
Note

QC 20251218

Available from: 2025-12-18 Created: 2025-12-17 Last updated: 2025-12-18Bibliographically approved

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Kronborg, JoelHoffman, Johan

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