The high-value reuse of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste has emerged as an important technological imperative for the construction of permeable road bases. However, the mechanisms of the fatigue crack generation and accumulation of micro damage to internal structure in cement-treated recycled aggregate materials(CRAM) remain unclear. Hence, it is necessary to analyze of the fatigue cracking behavior of CRAM and to explore the correlation mechanism between their internal microstructural characteristics and the macroscopic progression of fatigue damage. A damage mechanics model based on peridynamic theory was established accounting for the microstructural characteristics of CRAM. The fatigue damage mechanisms of these mixtures from meso-scale were revealed and the effects of recycled aggregate content and stress levels were explored. The results show that the peridynamic fatigue model is capable of accurately capturing the complete damage evolution process in CRAM. Notably, the stress concentration located at the interface between the aggregate and the cement matrix serving as the principal factor in the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. As the recycled aggregate content increases, the occurrence of fatigue cracks in dense cement-treated mixtures rises, with cracks exhibiting a straight morphology. Unlike dense cement-treated mixtures, the internal fatigue cracks in permeable cement-treated mixtures are influenced by stress concentration at the pore edges, resulting in fewer fatigue cracks. Their fatigue life exhibits a pronounced semi-logarithmic linear relationship with the stress ratio coefficient. Based on this finding, the derived fatigue equation can further predict the fatigue life of permeable cement-treated mixtures with varying recycled aggregate content at different stress levels, providing a theoretical foundation for the material optimization design of construction waste recycled cement-treated mixtures.