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Self-excited instability and transition to turbulence in laminar separation bubbles induced by surface waviness
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9792-1505
ETSIAE-UPM, School of Aeronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros 3.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1088-1927
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5913-5431
2025 (English)In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 1011, article id jfm.2025.395Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The instability characteristics and laminar-Turbulent transition of a series of laminar separation bubbles (LSBs) formed due to a single sinusoidal surface waviness are investigated in the absence of external disturbances or forcing. A scaling based on the geometrical parameters of the waviness and flow Reynolds number is found that enables the prediction of flow separation on the wall leeward side. The analysis of three-dimensional instabilities of two-dimensional base flows reveals a relation between the number of changes in the curvature sign of the recirculating streamlines and the number of unstable centrifugal modes that coexist for the same flow. When multiple curvature changes occur, in addition to the usual steady mode reported for two-dimensional recirculation bubbles, a new self-excited mode with a higher growth rate emerges, localised near the highest streamline curvature, close to the reattachment point. A detailed analysis of the mode growth and saturation using DNS reveals that the localised mode only disturbs the LSB locally, while the usual one leads to a global distortion of the bubble in the spanwise direction; this has a distinctive impact on the self-excited secondary instabilities. Then, the complete transition scenario is studied for two selected LSB cases. The first one only presents an unstable eigenmode, namely the usual centrifugal mode in recirculating flows. The second case presents three unstable eigenmodes: Two centrifugal eigenmodes (the usual and the localised ones) and a two-dimensional eigenmode associated with the self-sustained Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. These results show how completely different transition scenarios can emerge from subtle changes in the LSB characteristics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2025. Vol. 1011, article id jfm.2025.395
Keywords [en]
boundary layer separation, boundary layer stability, transition to turbulence
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-364031DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2025.395ISI: 001488266000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105005359350OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-364031DiVA, id: diva2:1962868
Note

QC 20250603

Available from: 2025-06-02 Created: 2025-06-02 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Stability and Transition Analysis of Shear Flows
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stability and Transition Analysis of Shear Flows
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transition from laminar to turbulent flow is a fundamental phenomenon that significantly affects aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency across a wide range of engineering systems. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving instability growth and transition is therefore essential for improving flow control strategies and optimising system design. In this thesis, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis are employed to investigate flow instabilities and transition mechanisms in several shear flows.  

First, adjoint methods are used to analyse the sensitivity of instability growth to smooth surface waviness in a two-dimensional subsonic compressible boundary layer. An optimisation framework is then developed to identify worst--case waviness profiles and quantify the permissible surface deformations before instabilities reach critical amplification levels.  

Next, self-excited instability mechanisms in laminar separation bubbles induced by wall waviness are investigated using global stability analysis in combination with DNS. These studies examine how variations in waviness geometry influence the formation, growth, and nonlinear evolution of instabilities within waviness-induced separation bubbles, providing a deeper understanding of self-sustained transition mechanisms in such flow configurations.  

The influence of smooth surface humps on laminar--turbulent transition in three-dimensional, crossflow-dominated swept-wing boundary layers is then explored. First, DNS is used to gain a deep understanding of the hump--driven mechanisms responsible for delaying or promoting transition. Then, the applicability of linear stability theory for predicting the growth of secondary instabilities in these configurations is evaluated through quantitative comparisons with DNS results. Finally, the effects of hump geometry as well as the simultaneous presence of two humps on instability growth is analysed. To this end, DNS is employed to analyse the evolution of primary crossflow instabilities, while linear theory is used to characterise the growth of secondary instabilities, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding hump--induced effects on crossflow-dominated transition to turbulence.  

Finally, the onset of transition downstream of fluttering and non-fluttering bioprosthetic aortic valves is investigated using transient growth analysis and optimal perturbation theory, providing new insights into the complex vortex system shed from the bioprosthetic valves. 

Abstract [sv]

Övergången från laminärt till turbulent flöde är ett grundläggande fenomen som har en betydande inverkan på aerodynamisk prestanda och energieffektivitet i ett brett spektrum av tekniska system. En djupare förståelse avmekanismer som driver instabiliteter hos flöde och omslag från laminärt till turbulent tillstånd är därför avgörande för att förbättra strategier för flödeskontroll och optimera systemdesign. I denna avhandling använder vi Direkt Numeriska Simuleringar (DNS) och linjär stabilitetsanalys för att undersöka instabiliteter och omslagssmekanismer i olika skjuvströmningar.

Först analysera vi känsligheten hos instabilitetsvågor med avseende på släta ytvågor i ett tvådimensionellt subsoniskt kompressibelt gränsskikt med hjälp av adjointmetoder. Därefter utvecklar vi ett optimerings ramverk för att identifiera den mest kritiska formen av ytvågighet och kvantifiera de tillåtna ytförändringarna innan instabiliteter når kritiska värden.

Därefter undersöker vi självexciterade instabilitetsmekanismer i laminära separationsbubblor orsakade av ytvågigheter genom global stabilitetsanalys i kombination med DNS. Dessa studier belyser hur variationer i geometrin av ytvågigheten påverkar formationen, tillväxten och den icke-linjära utvecklingen av instabiliteter i sådana strömningsfall och ger en djupare förståelse för självförstärkande omslagsmekanismer i sådana flödeskonfigurationer.

Vidare undersöker vi påverkan av släta ytdeformationer (förhöjningar, engelska 'humps') på laminärt-turbulent omslag i tredimensionella gränsskikt över svepta vingar. Först använder vi DNS för att få en djupare förståelse av de bakomliggande mekanismer som orsakar fördröjning eller påskyndande av omslaget i närvaro av ytförhöjningar. Därefter utvärderar vi giltigheten av den linjära stabilitetsteorin för prediktering av sekundärinstabiliteter i dessa konfigurationer genom kvantitativa jämförelser med DNS. Slutligen analyserar vi effekterna av geometrin hos ytdeformationer samt kombinationer av två sådana på tillväxten av störningar i gränsskiktet. För detta ändamål använder vi DNS för att analysera utvecklingen av primära ‘crossflow'-instabiliteter, medan den linjära teorin används för att karakterisera tillväxten av sekundära instabiliteter, vilket erbjuder en heltäckande ram för förståelsen av laminär-turbulent omslag i sådana flödesfall.

Slutligen undersöker vi laminär-turbulent omslag nedströms av fladdrande och icke-fladdrande bioprostetiska aortaklaffar med hjälp av transienttillväxtanalys och optimalstörningsteori, vilket ger nya insikter i det komplexa virvelsystem som avges från bioprostetiska aortaklaffar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 53
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:35
Keywords
Direct numerical simulation, flow instabilities, laminar-turbulent transition, transient growth, laminar separation bubbles, surface hump, transition control, Direkt numerisk simulering, flödesinstabiliteter, laminär-turbulent omslag, transient tillväxt, laminära separationsbubblor, ytdeformationer, omslagskontroll
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370638 (URN)978-91-8106-365-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-24, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61597830603, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 955923Vinnova, 2024-03156
Note

QC 250929

Available from: 2025-09-29 Created: 2025-09-29 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved

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Hanifi, Ardeshir

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