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Runaway electron generation in disruptions mitigated by deuterium and noble gas injection in SPARC
Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science. Department of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 11428, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3994-8977
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA.
Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens, MA, USA.
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Plasma Physics, ISSN 0022-3778, E-ISSN 1469-7807, Vol. 91, no 3, article id E82Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

One of the critical challenges in future high-current tokamaks is the avoidance of runaway electrons during disruptions. Here, we investigate disruptions mitigated with combined deuterium and noble gas injection in SPARC. We use multi-objective Bayesian optimisation of the densities of the injected material, taking into account limits on the maximum runaway current, the transported fraction of the heat loss and the current quench time. The simulations are conducted using the numerical framework Dream (disruption runaway electron analysis model). We show that during deuterium operation, runaway generation can be avoided with material injection, even when we account for runaway electron generation from deuterium-deuterium induced Compton scattering. However, when including the latter, the region in the injected-material-density space corresponding to successful mitigation is reduced. During deuterium-tritium operation, acceptable levels of runaway current and transported heat losses are only obtainable at the highest levels of achievable injected deuterium densities. Furthermore, disruption mitigation is found to be more favourable when combining deuterium with neon, compared with deuterium combined with helium or argon.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2025. Vol. 91, no 3, article id E82
Keywords [en]
fusion plasma, plasma simulation, runaway electrons
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-364428DOI: 10.1017/S0022377825000455ISI: 001500024400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105007145107OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-364428DiVA, id: diva2:1968244
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QC 20250616

Available from: 2025-06-12 Created: 2025-06-12 Last updated: 2025-06-16Bibliographically approved

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Hoppe, Mathias

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