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Factors Shaping the Morphology in Sol-Gel Derived Mesoporous Zinc Titanate Films: Unveiling the Role of Precursor Competition and Concentration
TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany; School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610106, China.
TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany; School of Mathematics and Physics Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China.
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2024 (English)In: Advanced Materials Interfaces, ISSN 2196-7350, Vol. 11, no 34, article id 2400215Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Zinc titanate films with mesoporous structures have widespread applications ranging from sensors to supercapacitors and bio‐devices owing to their photoelectric properties and specific surface area. The present work investigates the morphology of mesoporous zinc titanate films obtained by calcination of hybrid thin films containing polymer templates and precursor mixtures of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). ZnO and TiO2 films are fabricated for reference. The influences of hydrochloric acid contents (HCl), the ratios of ZAD and TTIP, and the solution concentrations on the film morphologies are studied. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene‐ block ‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐ b ‐PEO), plays the role of a structure directing template, as it self‐assembles into micelles in a solvent‐acid mixture of N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and HCl. Thin films are prepared with spin‐coating and subsequent calcination. Adjusting the ratio of TTIP and ZAD leads to the structure evolution from order to disorder in a film. It depends on the hydrolysis and condensation processes of the precursors, providing different time‐to‐growth processes to control the film morphologies. An increase in solution concentration enhances the surface coverage. As probed with grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, the inner structures are larger than the surface structures seen in scanning electron microscopy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2024. Vol. 11, no 34, article id 2400215
Keywords [en]
calcination process, film morphology evolution, mesoporous structure, sol-gel chemistry, zinc titanate
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365846DOI: 10.1002/admi.202400215ISI: 001303905800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85202997412OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-365846DiVA, id: diva2:1979800
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QC 20250701

Available from: 2025-07-01 Created: 2025-07-01 Last updated: 2025-07-01Bibliographically approved

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Roth, Stephan V.

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