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Cell-Free Massive MIMO in O-RAN: Energy-Aware Joint Orchestration of Cloud, Fronthaul, and Radio Resources
TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara, Turkey.
Ericsson, Global AI Accelerator, Stockholm, Sweden.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Communication Systems, CoS.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5954-434X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Communication Systems, CoS.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0525-4491
2024 (English)In: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, ISSN 0733-8716, E-ISSN 1558-0008, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 356-372Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

For the energy-efficient deployment of cell-free massive MIMO functionality in a practical wireless network, the end-to-end (from radio site to the cloud) energy-aware operation is essential. In line with the cloudification and virtualization in the open radio access networks (O-RAN), it is indisputable to envision prospective cell-free infrastructure on top of the O-RAN architecture. In this paper, we explore the performance and power consumption of cell-free massive MIMO technology in comparison with traditional small-cell systems, in the virtualized O-RAN architecture. We compare two different functional split options and different resource orchestration mechanisms. In the end-to-end orchestration scheme, we aim to minimize the end-to-end power consumption by jointly allocating the radio, optical fronthaul, and virtualized cloud processing resources. We compare end-to-end orchestration with two other schemes: 1) 'radio-only' where radio resources are optimized independently from the cloud; and 2) 'local cloud coordination' where orchestration is only allowed among a local cluster of radio units. We develop several algorithms to solve the end-to-end power minimization and sum spectral efficiency maximization problems. The numerical results demonstrate that end-to-end resource allocation with fully virtualized fronthaul and cloud resources provides a substantial additional power saving than the other resource orchestration schemes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024. Vol. 42, no 2, p. 356-372
Keywords [en]
Cell-free massive MIMO, end-to-end resource allocation, joint network orchestration, joint transmission, virtualized O-RAN
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-366977DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2023.3336187ISI: 001174086100013Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85181577907OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-366977DiVA, id: diva2:1983870
Note

QC 20250714

Available from: 2025-07-14 Created: 2025-07-14 Last updated: 2025-07-14Bibliographically approved

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Björnson, EmilCavdar, Cicek

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