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Thin-Layer Behavior in Carbon Nanopipettes. Understanding the Iontronic-Electronic Contributions
UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry. UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1221-3906
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry. UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3858-8466
2025 (English)In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 97, no 32, p. 17659-17667Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nanopipettes with carbon-coated inner surfaces (carbon nanopipettes, CNPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional sensitivity and potential in electroanalytical applications. The nanoconfinement of the sample solution within the CNP facilitates a thin-layer electrochemical regime, in which ion and electron transferences are inherently coupled. This feature allows exhaustive oxidation/reduction of certain analytes within typical electroanalytical time scales, offering unprecedented opportunities for nanoscale sensing. Despite this promising advantage, a detailed understanding of how measurement dimensions and experimental conditions influence key electrochemical responses remains significantly underexplored. Effectively, conventional electrochemical methods frequently struggle with decoupling ionic and redox contributions, which are critical for understanding the performance toward optimal exploitation. For the first time, cyclic voltammetry (CV), numerical simulations, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are combined to systematically investigate the interplay between ion transport and electron transfer in the electrochemical behavior of CNPs. CV experiments were used to assess essential parameters under varying electrolyte compositions, solution depths, and scan rates, achieving signal-to-noise ratio enhancements of over 10-fold and submicromolar detection of the redox couple at the rationalized conditions. Complementarily, it is demonstrated that EIS can resolve the nanofluidic behavior by deconvoluting iontronic and electronic contributions, opening an option to be investigated more extensively in future research. The present study not only provides insights into the unique thin-layer electrochemical behavior of CNPs but also establishes the feasibility of simultaneously obtaining iontronic and electronic information with a single setup. This dual capability is poised to advance both related applications, e.g., sensing, (bio)catalysis, imaging, and fundamental directions in nanoelectrochemistry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS) , 2025. Vol. 97, no 32, p. 17659-17667
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369602DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c02834ISI: 001544529500001PubMedID: 40762155Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105014601889OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369602DiVA, id: diva2:1997397
Note

QC 20250912

Available from: 2025-09-12 Created: 2025-09-12 Last updated: 2025-09-12Bibliographically approved

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Crespo, Gaston A.Cuartero, Maria

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