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Testing by Betting for Anomaly Detection in Rental E-Scooter GNSS Traces
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Transport planning. Voi Technology AB, Stockholm.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4851-759x
Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Computing, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
2025 (English)In: Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Conformal and Probabilistic Prediction with Applications, COPA 2025 / [ed] Khuong An Nguyen, Zhiyuan Luo, Harris Papadopoulos, Tuwe Löfström, Lars Carlsson, Henrik Boström, ML Research Press , 2025, Vol. 266, p. 633-644Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Shared micromobility, particularly rental e-scooters, has rapidly transformed urban transportation. Voi Technology has been at the forefront of this shift, powering over 300M rides across Europe. While most customers use the service responsibly, mitigating reckless riding emerges as a significant challenge given the high ridership. Previous research shows that riders taking indirect routes are more likely to be involved in safety-critical events, suggesting potentially irresponsible riding behavior. However, directness alone can overlook important intra-trip patterns. Therefore, in this study, we use GNSS positioning as a proxy for intra-trip riding behavior. We model a typical ride as a sequence of turning angles derived from GNSS coordinates and detect anomalies leveraging the testing-by-betting framework, which provides formal guarantees on false positive rates while achieving a favorable trade-off with false negatives. The presented method is designed to operate under limited onboard compute, with minimal complexity for deployment across large vehicle fleets, without requiring the GNSS trace to be stored—a key privacy advantage. In a real-world evaluation, the method detects approximately 60% of reckless rides while maintaining operationally acceptable false positive rates.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ML Research Press , 2025. Vol. 266, p. 633-644
Series
Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, E-ISSN 26403498
Keywords [en]
martingale testing, micromobility, safety, testing by betting
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370316ISI: 001595063100031Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013961408OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-370316DiVA, id: diva2:2000599
Conference
14th Symposium on Conformal and Probabilistic Prediction with Applications, COPA 2025, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain, Sep 10 2025 - Sep 12 2025
Note

QC 20250924

Available from: 2025-09-24 Created: 2025-09-24 Last updated: 2026-06-09Bibliographically approved

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Capuccini, Marco

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