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Integration Of Grinding Limitations On Rail Profile Optimisation Processes
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle engineering and technical acoustics.ORCID iD: 0009-0003-0471-3956
National Research Council (NRC), Ottawa, Canada.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle engineering and technical acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1583-4625
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A promising approach to control wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on wheel and rail profiles is to optimise the rail geometry for improved wheel-rail contact conditions in order to minimising contact pressures, creepages, and creep forces by achieving a better match between the wheel and rail profiles. Typically, optimised profiles are implemented through rail grinding. However, achieving a substantially different target profile requires greater grinding depth and material removal, which shortens rail life, making it essential to account for these limitations in rail profile optimisation processes. This study presents how to include grinding limitations in rail profile optimisation processes, and studies its effect by optimising two rail profiles, one considering grinding limitations and another without such consideration, to assess their comparative impact on a multi-objective optimisation process and resulting profiles. Furthermore, the degree of conformality of the wheel-rail contact between wheel and rail are analysed and its relationship with contact pressure, wear, and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is investigated.

Keywords [en]
Profile optimisation, wheel-rail interaction, wear, RCF, NSGA-II, rail grinding
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372990OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-372990DiVA, id: diva2:2014167
Note

QC 20251128

Available from: 2025-11-17 Created: 2025-11-17 Last updated: 2025-11-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Wheel and Rail Profile Design: Multi-Objective Optimisation of the Wheel-Rail Interface Using Dynamic Simulations to Minimise Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wheel and Rail Profile Design: Multi-Objective Optimisation of the Wheel-Rail Interface Using Dynamic Simulations to Minimise Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The interaction between wheels and rails is a key determinant of railway performance, safety, and maintenance costs. Degradations such as wear and rolling contact fatigue originate from the complex mechanical and dynamic processes at the wheel-rail interface. With increasing traffic demand, higher axle loads and greater operational speeds, these degradations intensify and lead to more frequent and costly maintenance. This thesis addresses these challenges by developing and applying multi-objective optimisation techniques for the design of wheel and rail profiles, with the overall aim of reducing damage rates and extending service life.

A refined tangential contact modelling framework is introduced that incorporates a slip velocity dependent friction coefficient to improve the estimation of traction, wear and rolling contact fatigue. An index is developed to estimate the likelihood of curve squeal noise on specific track sections, thereby supporting noise mitigation strategies. 

The performance of two multi-objective optimisation algorithms, namely NSGA II and MOPSO, is analysed under identical conditions to provide insights into their suitability for profile optimisation. Practical implementation aspects, including grinding limitations, are explicitly considered to ensure that the optimised rail profiles are feasible for real-world application.

The optimisation methodology is applied to both passenger and heavy haul contexts. For a broad-gauge heavy haul system, novel techniques are presented for optimising high and low rail profiles in curves as well as multiple profiles for tangent track. Furthermore, a systematic approach is proposed for the integrated optimisation of wheel and rail profiles on a dedicated heavy haul line, taking into account the requirements of the infrastructure owner.

The findings demonstrate that optimised wheel and rail profiles can substantially reduce wear and fatigue, while maintaining vehicle stability and steering performance, extending component lifespans and lowering maintenance demands. The contributions of this thesis provide both methodological advances and practical solutions for railway operators and infrastructure managers, supporting the sustainable development of railway systems under modern operating conditions.

Abstract [sv]

Interaktionen mellan hjul och räl är central för järnvägssystemets prestanda, säkerhet och underhållskostnader. Nedbrytande fenomen såsom slitage och rullkontaktutmattning har sitt ursprung i de komplexa mekaniska och dynamiska processerna vid kontaktytan mellan hjul och räl. I takt med ökande trafikvolymer, högre axellaster och högre hastigheter accentueras dessa nedbrytningsmekanismer, vilket resulterar i mer frekvent och kostsamt underhåll. Avhandlingen adresserar dessa utmaningar genom utveckling och tillämpning av multiobjektiva optimeringstekniker för utformning av hjul- och rälsprofiler, med det övergripande syftet att reducera skadefrekvensen och förlänga komponenternas livslängd.

Ett förfinat modelleringsramverk introduceras för hjul-räl kontakten, vilket inkluderar en varierande friktionskoefficient för att förbättra uppskattningen av dragkraft, slitage och rullkontaktutmattning. Vidare utvecklas ett index för att kvantifiera sannolikheten för förekomst av kurvskrik på specifika spåravsnitt, och därigenom stödja utvecklingen av strategier för bullerminskning.

Prestandan hos två multiobjektiva optimeringsalgoritmer, NSGA II respektive MOPSO, analyseras under identiska förhållanden i syfte att belysa deras lämplighet för profiloptimering. Praktiska implementeringsaspekter, däribland begränsningar vid rälsslipning, beaktas uttryckligen för att säkerställa att de optimerade rälsprofilerna är tillämpbara under verkliga driftsförhållanden.

Den föreslagna optimeringsmetodiken tillämpas både inom persontrafik och tung godstrafik. För ett bredspårigt tunggodssystem presenteras nya metoder för optimering av hög- och lågrälsprofiler i kurvor samt av multipla profiler för rakspår. Därtill föreslås en systematisk ansats för integrerad optimering av hjul- och rälsprofiler på en dedikerad tunggodsbana, med beaktande av infrastrukturägarens specifika krav.

Resultaten visar att optimerade hjul- och rälsprofiler kan medföra en avsevärd reduktion av energiförluster, slitage och utmattning,samtidigt som fordonsstabilitet och styrprestanda upprätthålls, komponenternas livslängd förlängs och underhållsbehoven minskar. Avhandlingen inkluderar såväl metodologiska framsteg som praktiska lösningar för järnvägsoperatörer och infrastrukturförvaltare, och främjar därigenom en hållbar utveckling av järnvägssystemet under moderna driftsförhållanden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. xxi, 47
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:68
Keywords
Wheel-rail interaction, profile optimisation, multi-objective algorithms, wear, rolling contact fatigue, curve squeal noise, heavy haul railway, hjul-räl-interaktion, profiloptimering, multiobjektiva algoritmer, slitage, rullkontaktutmattning, kurvskrik, tunggodsjärnväg
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372995 (URN)978-91-8106-479-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-12, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64897602106, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 251118

Available from: 2025-11-18 Created: 2025-11-17 Last updated: 2025-12-01Bibliographically approved

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