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Explaining Deep Neural Networks with Example and Pixel Attribution
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-4494-2320
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8382-0300
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-7500-4900
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2745-6414
2025 (English)In: Discovery Science - 28th International Conference, DS 2025, Proceedings, Springer Nature , 2025, p. 286-300Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Most techniques for explainable machine learning focus on a single modality for the explanations, e.g., using either feature or example attribution. A novel approach, called Hybrid Attribution Network (HAN), is proposed for providing multimodal explanations for image classification. The technique first extracts embeddings from a deep neural network (DNN), which are subsequently used by a KNN classifier to form predictions; example attributions can then be derived from the latter. Based on the example attributions, pixel attributions are further generated to provide complementary feature-level explanations. Results from an empirical investigation show that HAN may provide highly concentrated example attributions, i.e., the predictions can be explained with few training examples, without compromising predictive performance relative to the original deep neural network. Moreover, the pixel attributions are shown to enhance the interpretability of the predictions, by highlighting key pixels in the example attributions. An important finding from the empirical investigation is that the choice of layer to use for the embeddings may have a large impact on both the predictive performance and the generated explanations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2025. p. 286-300
Keywords [en]
Deep Neural Networks, Example attribution, Explainable AI, Pixel attribution
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372788DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-05461-6_19ISI: 001677685700019Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105020009776OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-372788DiVA, id: diva2:2014721
Conference
28th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2025, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 23-25, 2025
Note

Part of ISBN 9783032054609

QC 20251119

Available from: 2025-11-19 Created: 2025-11-19 Last updated: 2026-05-29Bibliographically approved

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Dong, GenghuaBoström, HenrikBresson, RomanAlkhatib, Amr

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