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The Emergence of Multi-Functional and Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Integrated Sensing and Communications - A Survey
Univ Surrey, Inst Commun Syst, 5G & 6G Innovat Ctr, Guildford GU2 7XH, England.
Univ Surrey, Inst Commun Syst, 5G & 6G Innovat Ctr, Guildford GU2 7XH, England.
InterDigital, Dept Res & Innovat, London EC2A3QR, England.
British Telecommun PLC, Appl Res, London E A 7AJ, England.
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2025 (English)In: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, E-ISSN 1553-877X, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 2895-2936Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are positioned as one of the key enabling technologies for 6G networks as they can provide ubiquitous coverage for areas with blocked line-of-sight (LOS) links. However, to be successfully integrated into functional networks such structures will require the addition of sensors and other radio network elements, thereby resulting in a multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS). These structures are expected to be deployed for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) and radar and communication coexistence (RCC) in 6G, which will enhance the performance of radio communication and enable a smart wireless environment (SWE) that is programmable and self-reconfigurable. This survey provides an up-to-date summary of the state of the art. It considers applications for MF-RISs and the challenges associated with their deployment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025. Vol. 27, no 5, p. 2895-2936
Keywords [en]
Metasurfaces, 5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave communication, Surveys, 6G mobile communication, Metamaterials, Tutorials, Massive MIMO, Hardware, Radio frequency, B5G, 6G, RIS, radio frequency (RF), wireless communications, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), energy harvesting (EH), hybrid active RIS, multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS), smart wireless environment (SWE), holographic MIMO, centimeter-Wave (cmWave), millimeter-Wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), sensor data fusion, radar and communication coexistence (RCC), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR)
National Category
Communication Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374993DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2024.3519785ISI: 001598135200017Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85214660181OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-374993DiVA, id: diva2:2026226
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QC 20260108

Available from: 2026-01-08 Created: 2026-01-08 Last updated: 2026-01-08Bibliographically approved

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Björnson, Emil

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