The growing demand for eco-materials has triggered high interest in bioadhesives such as wood composite materials. Most of the present adhesives are petroleum-based. It is notable, however, that fossil resources are finite and their manufacture can harm the environment. Renewable biomass, however, has plenty of potential for use in wood adhesives. This review centers on progress made in developing sustainable, bioderived adhesives mostly for wood products. Renewable resources such as lignin, tannin, proteins, chitosan, and starch are explored as promising substitutes for traditional nonrenewable-based adhesives. The review also includes various techniques used to strengthen the bonding performance of these materials, including chemical modifications, cross-linking approaches, hybrid formulations, and the incorporation of nanomaterials. In addition, the review highlights emerging directions in the field, including advances in smart adhesion, a better understanding of the bonding chemistry of common biobased adhesives, and recent findings on their aging behavior and life-cycle assessment performance. The review primarily concentrates on wood-derived adhesives while also incorporating recent research on other emerging biobased adhesive systems that are currently gaining attention.