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Algebraic invariants for filtered data and their computation
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Algebra, Combinatorics and Topology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3898-7758
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores the construction and computation of algebraic invariants for filtered topological spaces. These invariants are derived from the classical algebraic object of homology, which is invariant under homeomorphisms, i.e., continuous transformations of topological spaces with continuous inverses. Filtered spaces, however, are richer structures that often encode geometric information, and thus our algebraic constructions are invariant with respect to isometries and scaling operations. We are also interested in the stability of invariants with respect to small perturbations of the input data, including the addition of noise.

Given a space with a poset-valued filtration function, the homology (with field coefficients) of sublevel sets forms a functor from the poset to vector spaces: this functor is called a persistence module, and is a central object in the field of topological data analysis (TDA). In Paper A, we develop the theory of relative homological algebra for persistence modules, including the use of local Koszul complexes as a tool for computing relative Betti diagrams, which are a numerical invariant of minimal relative projective resolutions. In Papers B and C, we study the case where the indexing poset is a total order. In this case, persistence modules decompose as sums of simple bar modules, and we introduce the notion of bar-to-bar morphisms between persistence modules as an algebraic version of bar matchings. Moreover, we develop algorithms for computing matchings induced by morphisms, passing through bar-to-bar morphisms.

Papers D and E generalize a more classical invariant, the critical points of a Morse function, to the setting of metric algebraic geometry, an emerging field that combines (or reunites) algebraic and differential geometry. Specifically, we develop a Morse theory for distance functions from an algebraic variety, restricted to an algebraic variety, and show that, generically, such a distance function is Morse. We define both geometric and algebraic notions of critical points and provide upper bounds on their number. In this sense, we construct and compute invariants for filtered algebraic spaces.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling utforskar konstruktionen och beräkningen av algebraiska invarianter för filtrerade topologiska rum. Dessa invarianter härstammar från det klassiska algebraiska objektet, homologi, som är invariant under homeomorfismer, d.v.s. kontinuerliga transformationer av topologiska rum med kontinuerliga inverser. Filtrerade rum är emellertid rikare strukturer som ofta kodar geometrisk information, och därför är våra algebraiska konstruktioner invarianta med avseende på isometrier och skalningsoperationer. Vi är också intresserade av stabiliteten hos invarianter med avseende på små störningar i indatan, inklusive tillägg av brus.

Givet ett rum med en pomängdvärderad filtreringsfunktion, bildar homologin (med fältkoefficienter) hos delnivåmängder en funktor från pomängden till vektorrummen: denna funktor kallas en persistensmodul och är ett centralt objekt inom området topologisk dataanalys (TDA). I Artikel A utvecklar vi teorin om relativ homologisk algebra för persistensmoduler, inklusive användningen av lokala Koszulkomplex som ett verktyg för att beräkna relativa Bettidiagram, vilka är en numerisk invariant av minimala relativa projektiva upplösningar. I Artiklarna B och C studerar vi fallet där indexeringspomängden är en total ordning. I detta fall sönderfaller persistensmoduler som summor av enkla streckmoduler, och vi introducerar begreppet streck-till-streck-morfismer mellan persistensmoduler som en algebraisk version av streckmatchningar. Dessutom utvecklar vi algoritmer för att beräkna matchningar inducerade av morfismer, som passerar genom streck-till-streck-morfismer.

Artiklar D och E generaliserar en mer klassisk invariant, de kritiska punkterna för en Morsefunktion, till metrisk algebraisk geometri, ett framväxande område som kombinerar (eller återförenar) algebraisk och differentialgeometri. Mer specifikt utvecklar vi en Morseteori för avståndsfunktioner från en algebraisk varietet, begränsad till en algebraisk varietet, och visar att en sådan avståndsfunktion generellt är Morse. Vi definierar både geometriska och algebraiska begrepp för kritiska punkter och anger övre gränser för deras antal. I denna mening konstruerar och beräknar vi invarianter för filtrerade algebraiska rum.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. , p. xviii+313
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2026:08
National Category
Algebra and Logic
Research subject
Applied and Computational Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380673ISBN: 978-91-8106-565-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-380673DiVA, id: diva2:2057972
Public defence
2026-05-29, FB42, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-05-06 Created: 2026-05-06 Last updated: 2026-05-12Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Koszul Complexes and Relative Homological Algebra of Functors Over Posets
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Koszul Complexes and Relative Homological Algebra of Functors Over Posets
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2025 (English)In: Foundations of Computational Mathematics, ISSN 1615-3375, E-ISSN 1615-3383, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 1121-1165Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Under certain conditions, Koszul complexes can be used to calculate relative Betti diagrams of vector space-valued functors indexed by a poset, without the explicit computation of global minimal relative resolutions. In relative homological algebra of such functors, free functors are replaced by an arbitrary family of functors. Relative Betti diagrams encode the multiplicities of these functors in minimal relative resolutions. In this article we provide conditions under which grading the chosen family of functors leads to explicit Koszul complexes whose homology dimensions are the relative Betti diagrams, thus giving a scheme for the computation of these numerical descriptors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
55N31, Betti diagrams, Koszul complexes, Multi-parameter persistent homology, Poset representations, Primary 18G25, Relative homological algebra, Topological data analysis
National Category
Algebra and Logic
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-367205 (URN)10.1007/s10208-024-09660-z (DOI)001249360100001 ()2-s2.0-85196140583 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20260127

Available from: 2025-07-15 Created: 2025-07-15 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved
2. Algebraic Wasserstein distances and stable homological invariants of data
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Algebraic Wasserstein distances and stable homological invariants of data
2025 (English)In: Journal of Applied and Computational Topology, ISSN 2367-1726, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Distances have a ubiquitous role in persistent homology, from the direct comparison of homological representations of data to the definition and optimization of invariants. In this article we introduce a family of parametrized pseudometrics between persistence modules based on the algebraic Wasserstein distance defined by Skraba and Turner, and phrase them in the formalism of noise systems. This is achieved by comparing p-norms of cokernels (resp. kernels) of monomorphisms (resp. epimorphisms) between persistence modules and corresponding bar-to-bar morphisms, a novel notion that allows us to bridge between algebraic and combinatorial aspects of persistence modules. We use algebraic Wasserstein distances to define invariants, called Wasserstein stable ranks, which are 1-Lipschitz stable with respect to such pseudometrics. We prove a low-rank approximation result for persistence modules which allows us to efficiently compute Wasserstein stable ranks, and we propose an efficient algorithm to compute the interleaving distance between them. Importantly, Wasserstein stable ranks depend on interpretable parameters which can be learnt in a machine learning context. Experimental results illustrate the use of Wasserstein stable ranks on real and artificial data and highlight how such pseudometrics could be useful in data analysis tasks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
Persistence modules, Persistent homology, Stable topological invariants of data, Wasserstein metrics
National Category
Algebra and Logic
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-360578 (URN)10.1007/s41468-024-00200-w (DOI)2-s2.0-85217793769 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20250228

Available from: 2025-02-26 Created: 2025-02-26 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved
3. Barcode matchings and p-norms of persistence modules
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Barcode matchings and p-norms of persistence modules
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We construct barcode matchings induced by morphisms of pointwise finite-dimensional persistence modules. To do this, we use an algebraic decomposition of the space of morphisms between persistence modules. Applying our induced matchings to arbitrary morphisms by the epi-mono factorization strategy of Bauer and Lesnick (2015), we recover the partial additive matching of Gonzalez-Diaz, Sorriano-Trigueros, and Torras-Casas (2025). We also study the interaction between our matching and a notion of cost for morphisms based on p-norms of persistence modules. We illustrate some consequences of our results on this cost in the context of algebraic stability of persistence barcodes, including a simple proof of the algebraic Wasserstein isometry of persistent homology.

National Category
Algebra and Logic
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380541 (URN)
Note

QC 20260504

Available from: 2026-05-02 Created: 2026-05-02 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved
4. Morse theory of Euclidean distance functions from algebraic hypersurfaces
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Morse theory of Euclidean distance functions from algebraic hypersurfaces
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Let Y⊆ℝn be a closed definable subset and X⊆ℝn be a smooth manifold. We construct a version of Morse Theory for the restriction to X of the Euclidean distance function from Y. This is done using the notion of critical points of Lipschitz functions and applying the theory of continuous selections. In this theory, nondegenerate critical points have two indices: a quadratic index (as in classical Morse Theory), and a piecewise linear index (that relates to the notion of bottlenecks). This framework is flexible enough to simultaneously treat and unify the study of two cases of interest for computational algebraic geometry: bottlenecks and nearest point problems. We provide a technical toolset guaranteeing the applicability of the theory to the case where X, Y are generic algebraic hypersurfaces and use it to bound the number of critical points of the distance from Y restricted to X, among other applications. 

National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380433 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2402.08639 (DOI)
Note

QC 20260504

Available from: 2026-05-02 Created: 2026-05-02 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved
5. Nondegeneracy of distance functions between complete intersections
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nondegeneracy of distance functions between complete intersections
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We extend the results of Guidolin, Lerario, Ren, and Scolamiero (arXiv:2402.08639) to show that the distance function between generic real complete intersections, viewed as a continuous selection of locally Lipschitz functions, is nondegenerate in a Morse-theoretic sense. We also give an upper bound for the number of critical points of such distance functions.

National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380540 (URN)
Note

QC 20260504

Available from: 2026-05-02 Created: 2026-05-02 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved

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