kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Minimal Feedback Control Signaling for RIS: Codebook Design and SNR Analysis
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Communication Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8107-1710
Bilkent University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara, Türkiye.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Communication Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0525-4491
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Communication Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5954-434X
2026 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, ISSN 1536-1276, E-ISSN 1558-2248, Vol. 25, p. 15134-15148Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can greatly improve the signal quality of future communication systems by reflecting transmitted signals toward the receiver. However, even when the base station (BS) has perfect channel knowledge and can compute the optimal RIS phase-shift configuration, implementing this configuration requires feedback signaling over a control channel from the BS to the RIS. This feedback must be kept minimal, as it is transmitted wirelessly every time the channel changes. In this paper, we examine how the feedback load, measured in bits, affects the performance of an RIS-aided system. Specifically, we investigate the trade-offs between codebook-based and element-wise feedback schemes, and how these influence the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We propose a novel quantization codebook, tailored for line-of-sight scenarios, that guarantees minimal SNR loss while reducing feedback overhead from linear to logarithmic scaling with the number of RIS elements. We demonstrate the codebook’s usefulness over Rician fading channels and extend it to 3D channel geometries with a uniform planar array through joint quantization of elevation and azimuth angles, including scenarios with a non-zero static path. Furthermore, we also analyze the SNR impact of discrete phase shifts and implement an efficient differential feedback scheme that leverages temporal correlation for mobility scenarios. Numerical simulations and analytical analysis are performed to quantify the performance degradation caused by reduced feedback load, shedding light on how efficiently RIS configurations can be fed back in practical systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2026. Vol. 25, p. 15134-15148
Keywords [en]
6G, control signaling, multiple antenna communications, quantization, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
National Category
Telecommunications Communication Systems Signal Processing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380687DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2026.3680652ISI: 001743162100003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105036281784OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-380687DiVA, id: diva2:2059041
Note

QC 20260511

Available from: 2026-05-11 Created: 2026-05-11 Last updated: 2026-08-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Analytical Foundations of Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication: RIS Control and Sleep Mode Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical Foundations of Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication: RIS Control and Sleep Mode Management
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores the optimization of energy efficiency (EE) and practical configuration overhead in wireless communication systems, focusing on both the user equipment (UE) and the base station (BS).

The first part of the study examines minimizing the UE's energy consumption when transmitting short data payloads via a BS-controlled reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). To balance the energy cost of the additional pilot signals needed to configure the RIS against the energy savings during data transmission, we propose dividing the RIS into controllable subarrays. This yields a unique energy-minimizing configuration determined by payload size and path loss conditions. Building on the practical challenges of RIS implementation, we then address the wireless control signaling overhead required to feed back these phase-shift configurations to the RIS. We propose a novel quantization codebook that guarantees minimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss while reducing feedback overhead from linear to logarithmic scaling with the number of RIS elements, and we introduce an efficient differential feedback scheme for mobility scenarios.

The second part focuses on the EE of multi-antenna BSs using an active and passive transceiver model. By jointly optimizing transmit power, bandwidth, and the number of antennas, we derive novel closed-form solutions that uncover a fundamental relationship between radiated power and passive circuitry consumption. This optimization framework is extended to incorporate Quality-of-Service constraints and advanced sleep modes, leading to a dynamic scheduling algorithm that optimizes hardware configurations to minimize total energy consumption for bursty traffic.

Finally, the thesis investigates the fundamental EE limits of a dual-band BS site combining a coverage-oriented sub-6 GHz carrier with a high-bandwidth, capacity-oriented secondary carrier. By jointly optimizing hardware parameters and sleep-mode activity across both bands, we identify four distinct operational regions that govern EE-optimal behavior. We derive analytical thresholds dictating precisely when the secondary capacity band should awaken from sleep and how much traffic it should carry, demonstrating that its utilization becomes EE-optimal only when the power cost of the bandwidth-limited primary band exceeds the static power penalty of activating the secondary circuitry.

Together, these studies provide a comprehensive view of EE optimization and resource management, offering novel theoretical insights and actionable design guidelines for UE and BS configurations, RIS control signaling, sleep-mode management, and multi-band integration.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling utforskar optimeringen av energieffektivitet (EE) och den signaleringsoverhead som krävs i trådlösa kommunikationssystem, med fokus på både användaren (UE) och basstationen (BS).

Den första delen av studien undersöker hur energiförbrukningen hos en UE kan minimeras vid överföring av små datamängder via en rekonfigurerbar intelligent yta (RIS) styrd av BS. För att balansera energikostnaden för de extra pilotsignaler som krävs för att konfigurera ytan mot energibesparingarna under dataöverföringen föreslår vi att RIS:ens element delas in i styrbara grupper (subarrays). Detta ger en unik energiminimerande konfiguration som bestäms av datamängdens storlek och radiokanalens dämpning. Med utgångspunkt i de praktiska utmaningarna vid RIS-implementering behandlar vi därefter den trådlösa kontrollsignalering som krävs för att återkoppla dessa faskonfigurationer till RIS:en. Vi föreslår en ny kvantiseringskodbok som garanterar en minimal förlust i signal-brusförhållande (SNR) samtidigt som signaleringsoverheaden reduceras från att skala linjärt till att skala logaritmiskt med antalet RIS-element. Dessutom introducerar vi ett effektivt differentiellt kontrollsignaleringsschema för mobilitetsscenarier.

Den andra delen fokuserar på EE hos basstationer med flera antenner, med hjälp av en effektförbrukningsmodell som tar hänsyn till sändarens aktiva och passiva komponenter. Genom att gemensamt optimera sändareffekt, bandbredd och antal antenner härleder vi nya analytiska lösningar som visar ett samband mellan utstrålad effekt och passiv kretsförbrukning. Detta optimeringsramverk utvidgas vidare till att omfatta tjänstekvalitetskrav (QoS) och avancerade vilolägen, vilket leder till en dynamisk schemaläggningsalgoritm som anpassar hårdvarukonfigurationen för att minimera den totala energiförbrukningen vid skurvis trafik.

Slutligen undersöker avhandlingen de grundläggande gränserna för energieffektivitet hos en tvåbandsbasstation som kombinerar en täckningsorienterad primär bärvåg under 6 GHz med en kapacitetsorienterad sekundär bärvåg med hög bandbredd. Genom att gemensamt optimera hårdvaruparametrar och vilolägenas aktivitet över de båda banden identifierar vi fyra driftsområden för EE överföring. Vi härleder analytiska tröskelvärden som exakt anger när det sekundära kapacitetsbandet bör väckas ur sitt viloläge, och visar att aktiveringen är optimal ur energieffektivitetssynpunkt först när kostnaden att tvinga ytterligare trafik genom det bandbreddsbegränsade primära bandet överstiger den statiska effektkostnaden för att aktivera det sekundära bandet.

Sammantaget ger dessa studier en samlad bild av energieffektiv optimering och resurshantering. De bidrar med nya teoretiska insikter och praktiska riktlinjer för utformningen av BS-konfigurationer, RIS-kontrollsignalering, hantering av vilolägen och multibandsintegration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 96
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:57
Keywords
6G, Energy Efficiency, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, Advanced Sleep Modes, Control Channel, 6G, energieffektivitet, rekonfigurerbara intelligenta ytor, avancerade vilolägen, kontrollkanal
National Category
Telecommunications
Research subject
Information and Communication Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387269 (URN)978-91-8106-632-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-09-07, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65424362099, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2023-00572Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, FFL18-0277
Note

QC 20260819

Available from: 2026-08-19 Created: 2026-08-19 Last updated: 2026-08-24Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Enqvist, AndersCavdar, CicekBjörnson, Emil

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Enqvist, AndersCavdar, CicekBjörnson, Emil
By organisation
Communication Systems
In the same journal
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
TelecommunicationsCommunication SystemsSignal Processing

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 24 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf