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Time-resolved X-ray radiography of through-thickness liquid transport in partly saturated needle-punched nonwovens
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fiberprocesser. J.M. Voith SE & Co. KG, St. Poeltener Strasse 43, 89522, Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1972-0100
Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fiberprocesser.ORCID iD: 0009-0009-8589-865X
Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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2026 (English)In: Experiments in Fluids, ISSN 0723-4864, E-ISSN 1432-1114, Vol. 67, no 5, article id 56Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nonwoven fibre networks underpin filtration, insulation and geotextiles, where liquid uptake, redistribution and release govern performance. In needle-punched felts, barbed needles mechanically entangle fibres and partially reorient them towards the thickness direction (z), creating out-of-plane “pillars” and heterogeneity. While mechanical and structural consequences of needling are well documented, dynamic z-direction transport in partly saturated networks remains difficult to access due to opacity and sub-second timescales. Here we combine micro-CT (μCT) of dry structure with time-resolved X-ray radiography during droplet addition to quantify through-thickness transport as a function of saturation and needling intensity, using a compact Washburn-type descriptor for dynamics. Results show an exponential dependence of z-directional liquid transport on saturation, consistent with previous models for in-plane relative permeability of nonwoven networks. Additionally, increased needle-punch intensity reorients fibres towards the z-direction, forming preferential flow pathways that enhance through-thickness transport, even as single-phase permeability decreases. These findings underscore needle-punch as a key design parameter for tuning liquid transport in nonwoven fibre networks. The approach provides an experimental and modelling framework for dynamic, capillarity-driven transport in opaque fibrous materials.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2026. Vol. 67, no 5, article id 56
National Category
Fluid Mechanics Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-382562DOI: 10.1007/s00348-026-04201-6ISI: 001748061500001PubMedID: 42046788Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105037453513OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-382562DiVA, id: diva2:2063324
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QC 20260528

Available from: 2026-05-28 Created: 2026-05-28 Last updated: 2026-05-28Bibliographically approved

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Wegele, PatrickTejbo, JonasRosén, TomasGroetsch, AlexanderSöderberg, Daniel

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