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Saturation in Two-Timescale RIS Beamforming
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Engineering, Barcelona, Spain, 08018.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3254-9159
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3790-0494
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Decision and Control Systems. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Centres, Digital futures. Ericsson Research, Radio Department, Stockholm, Sweden, 16480; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stockholm, Sweden, 100 44.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2289-3159
2025 (English)In: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, E-ISSN 2644-125X, Vol. 6, p. 10111-10122Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communications under a two-timescale architecture, in which the RIS phase shifts are optimized from long-term channel statistics, eliminating per-element training and thereby slashing channel estimation overhead. It is shown that, while the power captured by the RIS scales linearly with the number of its elements, the two-timescale beamforming gain upon re-radiation towards the receiver saturates rapidly as the number of RIS elements increases, for a broad class of power angular spectra (PAS). The saturation ceiling depends on the PAS angular decay, which governs how quickly inter-element spatial correlation vanishes. Steeper decays yield stronger correlations and, hence, a higher ceiling. The implications of this saturation on the effectiveness of two-timescale RIS-assisted communications are discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025. Vol. 6, p. 10111-10122
Keywords [en]
Reconfigurable intelligent surface, beamforming, statistical channel-state information, two-timescale design
National Category
Telecommunications Communication Systems Signal Processing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-383774DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3638874ISI: 001635550300003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105023891316OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-383774DiVA, id: diva2:2081924
Note

QC 20260630

Available from: 2026-06-30 Created: 2026-06-30 Last updated: 2026-06-30Bibliographically approved

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Lozano, AngelFodor, Gabor

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School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Decision and Control SystemsDigital futures
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