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Minimal Controllability of Sphere and Torus Grid Graphs
Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200433.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Beijing, China, 100190.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing, China, 100190.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Numerical Analysis, Optimization and Systems Theory. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Stockholm, Sweden, 10044.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0177-1993
2026 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, ISSN 0018-9286, E-ISSN 1558-2523Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Network controllability is essential for designing the control algorithms of networked systems, among which the minimal controllability problem has attracted much attention of researchers due to the need of conserving control resources in practical applications. In this paper, we investigate the minimal controllability problem of Laplacian dynamics on two classes of non-planar graphs, namely sphere grid graphs and torus grid graphs. Since the Laplacian matrices of sphere grid graphs are closely related to the adjacency matrices of cylinder grid graphs, we first analyze the minimal numbers of control nodes required to guarantee controllability of networked linear systems whose system matrices are adjacency matrices of cylinder grid graphs. By exploring the relation between Laplacian matrices of sphere grid graphs and adjacency matrices of cylinder grid graphs, we then establish upper and lower bounds for the minimal number of control nodes required to guarantee controllability of Laplacian dynamic systems on sphere grid graphs. Finally, we provide the exact minimal number of control nodes and a corresponding control node set to guarantee controllability of the Laplacian dynamic systems on torus grid graphs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2026.
Keywords [en]
Laplacian dynamic systems, Network controllability, sphere grid graph, torus grid graph
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-383822DOI: 10.1109/TAC.2026.3698015Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105040992207OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-383822DiVA, id: diva2:2082084
Note

QC 20260723

Available from: 2026-06-30 Created: 2026-06-30 Last updated: 2026-07-23Bibliographically approved

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Hu, Xiaoming

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