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Design-Space Reduction for Architectural Optimization of Automotive Embedded Systems
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.). (RTC)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2649-5921
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5703-5923
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7048-0108
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4300-885X
2015 (English)In: High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC), 2015 IEEE 7th International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security (CSS), 2015 IEEE 12th International Conferen on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS), 2015 IEEE 17th International Conference on, IEEE Computer Society, 2015, , p. 7p. 1103-1109Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A key decision for the synthesis of automotiveembedded systems is the allocation of application softwarecomponents to ECUs. Design Space Exploration (DSE) supportsthe decision by automatically characterizing and evaluating alarge number of possible design alternatives, and thereby suggestingthe optimal ones. A primary challenge for applying DSEmethods to support this decision is to reduce the computationtime of the DSE process while maintaining the generality andoptimality. This paper exploits legacy system architectures andthe AUTOSAR standard to preemptively reduce the design space,because both artifacts limit the flexibility of certain designvariables. A new DES formulation incorporating the constraintsof the legacy system architectures and the AUTOSAR standardis proposed in this paper. Computation result shows a largereduction of the computation time comparing to traditionalmodeling and formulations. The scalability of our method is alsoanalyzed by testing it on a set of random problem instances.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE Computer Society, 2015. , p. 7p. 1103-1109
National Category
Embedded Systems
Research subject
Industrial Economics and Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177585DOI: 10.1109/HPCC-CSS-ICESS.2015.298ISI: 000380408100182Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84961717465OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-177585DiVA, id: diva2:873466
Conference
IEEE 12th International Conference on Embedded Softwareand Systems (ICESS), New York, August 24-26
Note

QC 20151201

Available from: 2015-11-24 Created: 2015-11-24 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Automated Support for the Architecting of Distributed Embedded Systems: Methods and Analysis for Industrial Adoption
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Automated Support for the Architecting of Distributed Embedded Systems: Methods and Analysis for Industrial Adoption
2017 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The architecture design complexity of modern embedded systems, such as in the automotive domain, is growing due to the rapidly evolved functionalities, the increasing amount of interactions between functions and computation nodes, and the stringent extra-functional requirements. Architecture design is crucial since it affects nontrivial system properties such as safety, cost, performance of functionalities and also the development time. An important enabler to deal with this complexity is to provide computer aided architecture design. This thesis focuses on such support for Design Space Exploration (DSE), relying on a model-based design (MBD) environment.

The goal of this thesis is to improve the industrial adoption of DSE methods to facilitate the architecture design of distributed embedded systems in the automotive industry. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: (1) Applying architecture recovery in the automotive industry to extract architecture models from legacy ECU source code. The recovered architecture models can be used to facilitate system understanding, to verify the software implementation against its specification and also to enable DSE for architecture design. (2) A systematic gap analysis was conducted between the state-of-the-art DSE methods and the industrial needs, through literature studies and interviews with experienced system architects. Identified gaps are analyzed from the following perspectives: Architecting scenarios, architectural decisions, quality attributes, cost model, procurement strategy, system variability and functional safety. (3) A new problem formulation was proposed to reduce the design space by utilizing the features of evolutionary architecting and the AUTOSAR layered architecture. (4) In order to enhance the flexibility of the DSE methods by enabling the customizability of the architectural constraints, an automatic transformation method is proposed to translate formally described architectural constraints into the corresponding mixed integer linear programming(MILP) constraints, commonly used for DSE. (5) This thesis also investigates the potential impacts of vehicular communication on the future architecture of automotive embedded systems from the timing perspective through a case study to enable a commercial truck with cooperative driving functionalities. The receiving bias problem was identified during the case study and effective architectural solutions were proposed. The case study also showed that the adoption of vehicular communication would not have significant architectural impacts in terms of timing.

Abstract [sv]

Moderna inbyggda system blir alltmer intelligenta och uppkopplade, och därmed alltmer komplexa med ökade krav på funktionella och icke-funktionella egenskaper. Arkitekturdesign behöver alltså spela en ännu viktigare roll i att bedöma systemegenskaper såsom säkerhet, kostnad, funktionalitet och utvecklingstid. En viktig förutsättning för att hantera denna komplexitet är att tillhandahålla modeller samt en modellbaserad systemutvecklingsmiljö (MBD). Denna avhandling fokuserar på sådant stöd med betoning på utforskningen av designrymden, ”Design Space Exploration” (DSE).

Målet med denna avhandling är att underlätta den industriella tillämpningen av DSE-metoder för arkitekturdesign av distribuerade inbyggda system inom bilindustrin. Huvudbidragen är följande: (1) en metod för automatisk extrahering av systemarkitekturmodeller från befintlig ECU-källkod för en ökad design-återanvändning inom bilindustrin. De återskapade arkitekturmodellerna kan användas för att stödja systemförståelse, för att verifiera programmets implementering mot dess specifikation och även för att möjliggöra DSE för arkitekturdesign. (2) En systematisk analys av tillgängliga DSE-metoder och industriella behov baserad på litteraturstudier och intervjuer av erfarna systemarkitekter. Identifierade brister analyserades ur följandeper spektiv: Arkitektur-scenarier, designbeslut, kvalitetsattributer, kostnadsmodell, optimeringsstrategi, systemvariation och funktionell säkerhet. (3) En metod för en förfinad problemformulering för effektiv utforskningen av designrymden genom att analysera arkitekturens evolution och tillämpa AUTOSAR referensarkitektur. (4) en metod för automatisk översättning av relevanta designparameter och preferens till motsvarande matematiska formulering i MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programing) för DSE, vilken medför ökad flexibilitet i praktisk användning av DSE-metoderna. (5) Denna avhandling undersöker också den potentiella inverkan av kommunikationslösningar på systems funktionella och icke-funktionella egenskaper genom en fallstudie för att möjliggöra kooperativa körfunktioner hos en kommersiell lastbil. Avvikelserna identifierades och effektiva arkitektoniska lösningar föreslogs. Fallstudien visade att fordonskommunikation inte skulle ha betydande arkitektoniska effekter på tidtagning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2017. p. 50
Series
TRITA-MMK, ISSN 1400-1179 ; 2017:10
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Machine Design; Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-249626 (URN)978-91-7729-432-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2017-06-14, Gladan, Brinellvägen 85, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20190415

Available from: 2019-04-15 Created: 2019-04-14 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Zhang, XinhaiFeng, LeiChen, De-JiuTörngren, Martin

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